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#define PROBLEM "https://judge.u-aizu.ac.jp/onlinejudge/description.jsp?id=ITP1_1_A" // DUMMY #include "../zeta_moebius_transform.hpp" #include "../../modint.hpp" #include <cassert> #include <iostream> #include <vector> using namespace std; using mint = ModInt<1000000007>; long long state = 1; mint rndgen() { state = (state * 1234567 + 890123) % mint::mod(); return mint(state); } vector<mint> vecgen(int n) { vector<mint> ret(n + 1); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) ret[i] = rndgen(); return ret; } void test_divisor_zeta() { for (int n = 1; n <= 100; ++n) { for (int iter = 0; iter < 10; ++iter) { vector<mint> x = vecgen(n), y(n + 1); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { for (int j = 1; j <= i; ++j) { if (i % j == 0) y[i] += x[j]; } } divisor_zeta(x); assert(x == y); } } } void test_divisor_moebius() { for (int n = 1; n <= 100; ++n) { for (int iter = 0; iter < 10; ++iter) { vector<mint> x = vecgen(n), y = x; divisor_zeta(x); divisor_moebius(x); assert(x == y); } } } void test_multiple_zeta() { for (int n = 1; n <= 100; ++n) { for (int iter = 0; iter < 10; ++iter) { vector<mint> x = vecgen(n), y(n + 1); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { for (int j = i; j <= n; ++j) { if (j % i == 0) y[i] += x[j]; } } multiple_zeta(x); assert(x == y); } } } void test_multiple_moebius() { for (int n = 1; n <= 100; ++n) { for (int iter = 0; iter < 10; ++iter) { vector<mint> x = vecgen(n), y = x; multiple_zeta(x); multiple_moebius(x); assert(x == y); } } } void test_gcdconv() { for (int n = 1; n <= 100; ++n) { for (int iter = 0; iter < 10; ++iter) { vector<mint> x = vecgen(n), y = vecgen(n), z(n + 1); auto conv = gcdconv(x, y); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) z[__gcd(i, j)] += x[i] * y[j]; } assert(conv == z); } } } void test_lcmconv() { for (int n = 1; n <= 100; ++n) { for (int iter = 0; iter < 10; ++iter) { vector<mint> x = vecgen(n), y = vecgen(n), z(n + 1); auto conv = lcmconv(x, y); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) { int l = i * j / __gcd(i, j); if (l <= n) z[l] += x[i] * y[j]; } } assert(conv == z); } } } int main() { test_divisor_zeta(); test_divisor_moebius(); test_multiple_zeta(); test_multiple_moebius(); test_gcdconv(); test_lcmconv(); cout << "Hello World\n"; }
#line 1 "number/test/zeta_moebius_transform.test.cpp" #define PROBLEM "https://judge.u-aizu.ac.jp/onlinejudge/description.jsp?id=ITP1_1_A" // DUMMY #line 2 "number/sieve.hpp" #include <cassert> #include <map> #include <vector> // CUT begin // Linear sieve algorithm for fast prime factorization // Complexity: O(N) time, O(N) space: // - MAXN = 10^7: ~44 MB, 80~100 ms (Codeforces / AtCoder GCC, C++17) // - MAXN = 10^8: ~435 MB, 810~980 ms (Codeforces / AtCoder GCC, C++17) // Reference: // [1] D. Gries, J. Misra, "A Linear Sieve Algorithm for Finding Prime Numbers," // Communications of the ACM, 21(12), 999-1003, 1978. // - https://cp-algorithms.com/algebra/prime-sieve-linear.html // - https://37zigen.com/linear-sieve/ struct Sieve { std::vector<int> min_factor; std::vector<int> primes; Sieve(int MAXN) : min_factor(MAXN + 1) { for (int d = 2; d <= MAXN; d++) { if (!min_factor[d]) { min_factor[d] = d; primes.emplace_back(d); } for (const auto &p : primes) { if (p > min_factor[d] or d * p > MAXN) break; min_factor[d * p] = p; } } } // Prime factorization for 1 <= x <= MAXN^2 // Complexity: O(log x) (x <= MAXN) // O(MAXN / log MAXN) (MAXN < x <= MAXN^2) template <class T> std::map<T, int> factorize(T x) const { std::map<T, int> ret; assert(x > 0 and x <= ((long long)min_factor.size() - 1) * ((long long)min_factor.size() - 1)); for (const auto &p : primes) { if (x < T(min_factor.size())) break; while (!(x % p)) x /= p, ret[p]++; } if (x >= T(min_factor.size())) ret[x]++, x = 1; while (x > 1) ret[min_factor[x]]++, x /= min_factor[x]; return ret; } // Enumerate divisors of 1 <= x <= MAXN^2 // Be careful of highly composite numbers https://oeis.org/A002182/list // https://gist.github.com/dario2994/fb4713f252ca86c1254d#file-list-txt (n, (# of div. of n)): // 45360->100, 735134400(<1e9)->1344, 963761198400(<1e12)->6720 template <class T> std::vector<T> divisors(T x) const { std::vector<T> ret{1}; for (const auto p : factorize(x)) { int n = ret.size(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { for (T a = 1, d = 1; d <= p.second; d++) { a *= p.first; ret.push_back(ret[i] * a); } } } return ret; // NOT sorted } // Euler phi functions of divisors of given x // Verified: ABC212 G https://atcoder.jp/contests/abc212/tasks/abc212_g // Complexity: O(sqrt(x) + d(x)) template <class T> std::map<T, T> euler_of_divisors(T x) const { assert(x >= 1); std::map<T, T> ret; ret[1] = 1; std::vector<T> divs{1}; for (auto p : factorize(x)) { int n = ret.size(); for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) { ret[divs[i] * p.first] = ret[divs[i]] * (p.first - 1); divs.push_back(divs[i] * p.first); for (T a = divs[i] * p.first, d = 1; d < p.second; a *= p.first, d++) { ret[a * p.first] = ret[a] * p.first; divs.push_back(a * p.first); } } } return ret; } // Moebius function Table, (-1)^{# of different prime factors} for square-free x // return: [0=>0, 1=>1, 2=>-1, 3=>-1, 4=>0, 5=>-1, 6=>1, 7=>-1, 8=>0, ...] https://oeis.org/A008683 std::vector<int> GenerateMoebiusFunctionTable() const { std::vector<int> ret(min_factor.size()); for (unsigned i = 1; i < min_factor.size(); i++) { if (i == 1) { ret[i] = 1; } else if ((i / min_factor[i]) % min_factor[i] == 0) { ret[i] = 0; } else { ret[i] = -ret[i / min_factor[i]]; } } return ret; } // Calculate [0^K, 1^K, ..., nmax^K] in O(nmax) // Note: **0^0 == 1** template <class MODINT> std::vector<MODINT> enumerate_kth_pows(long long K, int nmax) const { assert(nmax < int(min_factor.size())); assert(K >= 0); if (K == 0) return std::vector<MODINT>(nmax + 1, 1); std::vector<MODINT> ret(nmax + 1); ret[0] = 0, ret[1] = 1; for (int n = 2; n <= nmax; n++) { if (min_factor[n] == n) { ret[n] = MODINT(n).pow(K); } else { ret[n] = ret[n / min_factor[n]] * ret[min_factor[n]]; } } return ret; } }; // Sieve sieve((1 << 20)); #line 3 "number/zeta_moebius_transform.hpp" #include <algorithm> #line 5 "number/zeta_moebius_transform.hpp" #include <utility> #line 7 "number/zeta_moebius_transform.hpp" // f[n] に対して、全ての n の倍数 n*i に対する f[n*i] の和が出てくる 計算量 O(N loglog N) // 素数p毎に処理する高速ゼータ変換 // 使用例 https://yukicoder.me/submissions/385043 template <class T> void multiple_zeta(std::vector<T> &f) { int N = int(f.size()) - 1; std::vector<int> is_prime(N + 1, 1); for (int p = 2; p <= N; p++) { if (is_prime[p]) { for (int q = p * 2; q <= N; q += p) is_prime[q] = 0; for (int j = N / p; j > 0; --j) f[j] += f[j * p]; } } } // inverse of multiple_zeta O(N loglog N) // 使用例 https://yukicoder.me/submissions/385120 template <class T> void multiple_moebius(std::vector<T> &f) { int N = int(f.size()) - 1; std::vector<int> is_prime(N + 1, 1); for (int p = 2; p <= N; p++) { if (is_prime[p]) { for (int q = p * 2; q <= N; q += p) is_prime[q] = 0; for (int j = 1; j * p <= N; ++j) f[j] -= f[j * p]; } } } // f[n] に関して、全ての n の約数 m に対する f[m] の総和が出てくる 計算量 O(N loglog N) template <class T> void divisor_zeta(std::vector<T> &f) { int N = int(f.size()) - 1; std::vector<int> is_prime(N + 1, 1); for (int p = 2; p <= N; ++p) { if (is_prime[p]) { for (int q = p * 2; q <= N; q += p) is_prime[q] = 0; for (int j = 1; j * p <= N; ++j) f[j * p] += f[j]; } } } // inverse of divisor_zeta() // Verified: https://codeforces.com/contest/1630/problem/E template <class T> void divisor_moebius(std::vector<T> &f) { int N = int(f.size()) - 1; std::vector<int> is_prime(N + 1, 1); for (int p = 2; p <= N; ++p) { if (is_prime[p]) { for (int q = p * 2; q <= N; q += p) is_prime[q] = 0; for (int j = N / p; j > 0; --j) f[j * p] -= f[j]; } } } // GCD convolution // ret[k] = \sum_{gcd(i, j) = k} f[i] * g[j] template <class T> std::vector<T> gcdconv(std::vector<T> f, std::vector<T> g) { assert(f.size() == g.size()); multiple_zeta(f); multiple_zeta(g); for (int i = 0; i < int(g.size()); ++i) f[i] *= g[i]; multiple_moebius(f); return f; } // LCM convolution // ret[k] = \sum_{lcm(i, j) = k} f[i] * g[j] template <class T> std::vector<T> lcmconv(std::vector<T> f, std::vector<T> g) { assert(f.size() == g.size()); divisor_zeta(f); divisor_zeta(g); for (int i = 0; i < int(g.size()); ++i) f[i] *= g[i]; divisor_moebius(f); return f; } // fast_integer_moebius の高速化(登場しない素因数が多ければ計算量改善) // Requirement: f の key として登場する正整数の全ての約数が key として登場 // Verified: https://toph.co/p/height-of-the-trees template <typename Int, typename Val> void sparse_fast_integer_moebius(std::vector<std::pair<Int, Val>> &f, const Sieve &sieve) { if (f.empty()) return; std::sort(f.begin(), f.end()); assert(f.back().first < Int(sieve.min_factor.size())); std::vector<Int> primes; for (auto p : f) { if (sieve.min_factor[p.first] == p.first) primes.push_back(p.first); } std::vector<std::vector<int>> p2is(primes.size()); for (int i = 0; i < int(f.size()); i++) { Int a = f[i].first, pold = 0; int k = 0; while (a > 1) { auto p = sieve.min_factor[a]; if (p != pold) { while (primes[k] != p) k++; p2is[k].emplace_back(i); } pold = p, a /= p; } } for (int d = 0; d < int(primes.size()); d++) { Int p = primes[d]; for (auto i : p2is[d]) { auto comp = [](const std::pair<Int, Val> &l, const std::pair<Int, Val> &r) { return l.first < r.first; }; auto itr = std::lower_bound(f.begin(), f.end(), std::make_pair(f[i].first / p, 0), comp); itr->second -= f[i].second; } } } #line 3 "modint.hpp" #include <iostream> #include <set> #line 6 "modint.hpp" template <int md> struct ModInt { using lint = long long; constexpr static int mod() { return md; } static int get_primitive_root() { static int primitive_root = 0; if (!primitive_root) { primitive_root = [&]() { std::set<int> fac; int v = md - 1; for (lint i = 2; i * i <= v; i++) while (v % i == 0) fac.insert(i), v /= i; if (v > 1) fac.insert(v); for (int g = 1; g < md; g++) { bool ok = true; for (auto i : fac) if (ModInt(g).pow((md - 1) / i) == 1) { ok = false; break; } if (ok) return g; } return -1; }(); } return primitive_root; } int val_; int val() const noexcept { return val_; } constexpr ModInt() : val_(0) {} constexpr ModInt &_setval(lint v) { return val_ = (v >= md ? v - md : v), *this; } constexpr ModInt(lint v) { _setval(v % md + md); } constexpr explicit operator bool() const { return val_ != 0; } constexpr ModInt operator+(const ModInt &x) const { return ModInt()._setval((lint)val_ + x.val_); } constexpr ModInt operator-(const ModInt &x) const { return ModInt()._setval((lint)val_ - x.val_ + md); } constexpr ModInt operator*(const ModInt &x) const { return ModInt()._setval((lint)val_ * x.val_ % md); } constexpr ModInt operator/(const ModInt &x) const { return ModInt()._setval((lint)val_ * x.inv().val() % md); } constexpr ModInt operator-() const { return ModInt()._setval(md - val_); } constexpr ModInt &operator+=(const ModInt &x) { return *this = *this + x; } constexpr ModInt &operator-=(const ModInt &x) { return *this = *this - x; } constexpr ModInt &operator*=(const ModInt &x) { return *this = *this * x; } constexpr ModInt &operator/=(const ModInt &x) { return *this = *this / x; } friend constexpr ModInt operator+(lint a, const ModInt &x) { return ModInt(a) + x; } friend constexpr ModInt operator-(lint a, const ModInt &x) { return ModInt(a) - x; } friend constexpr ModInt operator*(lint a, const ModInt &x) { return ModInt(a) * x; } friend constexpr ModInt operator/(lint a, const ModInt &x) { return ModInt(a) / x; } constexpr bool operator==(const ModInt &x) const { return val_ == x.val_; } constexpr bool operator!=(const ModInt &x) const { return val_ != x.val_; } constexpr bool operator<(const ModInt &x) const { return val_ < x.val_; } // To use std::map<ModInt, T> friend std::istream &operator>>(std::istream &is, ModInt &x) { lint t; return is >> t, x = ModInt(t), is; } constexpr friend std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, const ModInt &x) { return os << x.val_; } constexpr ModInt pow(lint n) const { ModInt ans = 1, tmp = *this; while (n) { if (n & 1) ans *= tmp; tmp *= tmp, n >>= 1; } return ans; } static constexpr int cache_limit = std::min(md, 1 << 21); static std::vector<ModInt> facs, facinvs, invs; constexpr static void _precalculation(int N) { const int l0 = facs.size(); if (N > md) N = md; if (N <= l0) return; facs.resize(N), facinvs.resize(N), invs.resize(N); for (int i = l0; i < N; i++) facs[i] = facs[i - 1] * i; facinvs[N - 1] = facs.back().pow(md - 2); for (int i = N - 2; i >= l0; i--) facinvs[i] = facinvs[i + 1] * (i + 1); for (int i = N - 1; i >= l0; i--) invs[i] = facinvs[i] * facs[i - 1]; } constexpr ModInt inv() const { if (this->val_ < cache_limit) { if (facs.empty()) facs = {1}, facinvs = {1}, invs = {0}; while (this->val_ >= int(facs.size())) _precalculation(facs.size() * 2); return invs[this->val_]; } else { return this->pow(md - 2); } } constexpr ModInt fac() const { while (this->val_ >= int(facs.size())) _precalculation(facs.size() * 2); return facs[this->val_]; } constexpr ModInt facinv() const { while (this->val_ >= int(facs.size())) _precalculation(facs.size() * 2); return facinvs[this->val_]; } constexpr ModInt doublefac() const { lint k = (this->val_ + 1) / 2; return (this->val_ & 1) ? ModInt(k * 2).fac() / (ModInt(2).pow(k) * ModInt(k).fac()) : ModInt(k).fac() * ModInt(2).pow(k); } constexpr ModInt nCr(int r) const { if (r < 0 or this->val_ < r) return ModInt(0); return this->fac() * (*this - r).facinv() * ModInt(r).facinv(); } constexpr ModInt nPr(int r) const { if (r < 0 or this->val_ < r) return ModInt(0); return this->fac() * (*this - r).facinv(); } static ModInt binom(int n, int r) { static long long bruteforce_times = 0; if (r < 0 or n < r) return ModInt(0); if (n <= bruteforce_times or n < (int)facs.size()) return ModInt(n).nCr(r); r = std::min(r, n - r); ModInt ret = ModInt(r).facinv(); for (int i = 0; i < r; ++i) ret *= n - i; bruteforce_times += r; return ret; } // Multinomial coefficient, (k_1 + k_2 + ... + k_m)! / (k_1! k_2! ... k_m!) // Complexity: O(sum(ks)) template <class Vec> static ModInt multinomial(const Vec &ks) { ModInt ret{1}; int sum = 0; for (int k : ks) { assert(k >= 0); ret *= ModInt(k).facinv(), sum += k; } return ret * ModInt(sum).fac(); } // Catalan number, C_n = binom(2n, n) / (n + 1) // C_0 = 1, C_1 = 1, C_2 = 2, C_3 = 5, C_4 = 14, ... // https://oeis.org/A000108 // Complexity: O(n) static ModInt catalan(int n) { if (n < 0) return ModInt(0); return ModInt(n * 2).fac() * ModInt(n + 1).facinv() * ModInt(n).facinv(); } ModInt sqrt() const { if (val_ == 0) return 0; if (md == 2) return val_; if (pow((md - 1) / 2) != 1) return 0; ModInt b = 1; while (b.pow((md - 1) / 2) == 1) b += 1; int e = 0, m = md - 1; while (m % 2 == 0) m >>= 1, e++; ModInt x = pow((m - 1) / 2), y = (*this) * x * x; x *= (*this); ModInt z = b.pow(m); while (y != 1) { int j = 0; ModInt t = y; while (t != 1) j++, t *= t; z = z.pow(1LL << (e - j - 1)); x *= z, z *= z, y *= z; e = j; } return ModInt(std::min(x.val_, md - x.val_)); } }; template <int md> std::vector<ModInt<md>> ModInt<md>::facs = {1}; template <int md> std::vector<ModInt<md>> ModInt<md>::facinvs = {1}; template <int md> std::vector<ModInt<md>> ModInt<md>::invs = {0}; using ModInt998244353 = ModInt<998244353>; // using mint = ModInt<998244353>; // using mint = ModInt<1000000007>; #line 7 "number/test/zeta_moebius_transform.test.cpp" using namespace std; using mint = ModInt<1000000007>; long long state = 1; mint rndgen() { state = (state * 1234567 + 890123) % mint::mod(); return mint(state); } vector<mint> vecgen(int n) { vector<mint> ret(n + 1); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) ret[i] = rndgen(); return ret; } void test_divisor_zeta() { for (int n = 1; n <= 100; ++n) { for (int iter = 0; iter < 10; ++iter) { vector<mint> x = vecgen(n), y(n + 1); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { for (int j = 1; j <= i; ++j) { if (i % j == 0) y[i] += x[j]; } } divisor_zeta(x); assert(x == y); } } } void test_divisor_moebius() { for (int n = 1; n <= 100; ++n) { for (int iter = 0; iter < 10; ++iter) { vector<mint> x = vecgen(n), y = x; divisor_zeta(x); divisor_moebius(x); assert(x == y); } } } void test_multiple_zeta() { for (int n = 1; n <= 100; ++n) { for (int iter = 0; iter < 10; ++iter) { vector<mint> x = vecgen(n), y(n + 1); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { for (int j = i; j <= n; ++j) { if (j % i == 0) y[i] += x[j]; } } multiple_zeta(x); assert(x == y); } } } void test_multiple_moebius() { for (int n = 1; n <= 100; ++n) { for (int iter = 0; iter < 10; ++iter) { vector<mint> x = vecgen(n), y = x; multiple_zeta(x); multiple_moebius(x); assert(x == y); } } } void test_gcdconv() { for (int n = 1; n <= 100; ++n) { for (int iter = 0; iter < 10; ++iter) { vector<mint> x = vecgen(n), y = vecgen(n), z(n + 1); auto conv = gcdconv(x, y); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) z[__gcd(i, j)] += x[i] * y[j]; } assert(conv == z); } } } void test_lcmconv() { for (int n = 1; n <= 100; ++n) { for (int iter = 0; iter < 10; ++iter) { vector<mint> x = vecgen(n), y = vecgen(n), z(n + 1); auto conv = lcmconv(x, y); for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i) { for (int j = 1; j <= n; ++j) { int l = i * j / __gcd(i, j); if (l <= n) z[l] += x[i] * y[j]; } } assert(conv == z); } } } int main() { test_divisor_zeta(); test_divisor_moebius(); test_multiple_zeta(); test_multiple_moebius(); test_gcdconv(); test_lcmconv(); cout << "Hello World\n"; }